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July 10, 2026
Print | PDFUsing survey and administrative data, we study followers of H&L, a massively popular Chilean pension advisor, establishing that financial literacy is not a panacea for poor retirement decision-making. We find that followers are wealthy, well-educated and truly financially sophisticated. Indeed, exposure to H&L increases financial sophistication and likelihood of additional voluntary savings. Nonetheless, followers are badly hurt by H&L’s advice, earning mean annual returns that are 1.4-1.9% below all buy-and-hold strategies, and they are aware of this underperformance. Moreover, performance does not materially affect renewal rates, and 77% renew. Perversely, reasons given for following are: high returns, loss minimization and trust.
Dan Bernhardt is the IBE Distinguished Professor of Economics and Finance at the University of Illinois and a Professor at the University of Warwick. He has a PhD in Economics from Carnegie Mellon University. Bernhardt's research is focused on indusrtial organization, finance, and political economy.